Churchill Island Climate Change Impact Assessment

Churchill Island, Victoria· Bass Coast Shire Council· 3921
Medium Risk
Updated June 2026

Churchill Island faces a growing risk from coastal hazards like erosion and inundation, alongside increasing heatwave intensity. While flood and bushfire risks are currently lower, they are projected to rise. Adaptation measures are crucial for long-term resilience.

Overall Risk Score

55/100
Medium

Confidence: Medium

Hazard Breakdown

Flood
4.0
Bushfire
3.0
Heat
6.5
Coastal
7.0

Climate Hazard Breakdown for Churchill Island

increasing

Flood

40/100

Low to moderate flood risk, primarily from storm surge and minor inundation during extreme rainfall events.

Key drivers:

  • ·Sea level rise
  • ·Increased storm intensity
stable

Bushfire

30/100

Low bushfire risk due to its island nature and limited vegetation, but potential exists from nearby coastal scrub.

Key drivers:

  • ·Coastal vegetation
  • ·Wind patterns
increasing

Heat

65/100

Moderate to high heat risk, with increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves impacting comfort and health.

Key drivers:

  • ·Rising average temperatures
  • ·Increased frequency of heatwaves
increasing

Coastal

70/100

High coastal erosion and inundation risk due to its low-lying nature and exposure to wave action and sea level rise.

Key drivers:

  • ·Sea level rise
  • ·Coastal erosion
stable

Wind

28/100

Moderate wind risk — cold fronts and gusty winds

stable

Storm

32/100

Moderate storm risk — severe thunderstorms

stable

Social

21/100

Moderate social stability

increasing

Energy

35/100

Moderate energy costs — heating and cooling needs

In-Depth Climate Risk Guides for Churchill Island

Detailed Hazard Analysis

heat Risk

65/100

Moderate to high heat risk, with increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves impacting comfort and health.

Primary Drivers

  • ·Rising average temperatures
  • ·Increased frequency of heatwaves

Projections (RCP 4.5)

2030

7.0

2050

8.0

Data source

flood Risk

40/100

Low to moderate flood risk, primarily from storm surge and minor inundation during extreme rainfall events.

Primary Drivers

  • ·Sea level rise
  • ·Increased storm intensity

Projections (RCP 4.5)

2030

4.5

2050

5.5

Data source

coastal Risk

70/100

High coastal erosion and inundation risk due to its low-lying nature and exposure to wave action and sea level rise.

Primary Drivers

  • ·Sea level rise
  • ·Coastal erosion
  • ·Storm surge

Projections (RCP 4.5)

2030

7.5

2050

8.5

Data source

bushfire Risk

30/100

Low bushfire risk due to its island nature and limited vegetation, but potential exists from nearby coastal scrub.

Primary Drivers

  • ·Coastal vegetation
  • ·Wind patterns

Projections (RCP 4.5)

2030

3.2

2050

3.5

Data source

What This Means for Property Owners

Insurance Outlook

Increasing premiums and potential for reduced coverage in high-risk coastal zones.

Price Impact

Potential negative impact on property values in areas with high coastal and heat risks.

Buyer Checklist

  • 1.Review current and future flood risk assessments.
  • 2.Check coastal erosion and sea level rise projections.
  • 3.Assess bushfire risk and preparedness measures.
  • 4.Understand local heatwave response plans.
  • 5.Inquire about property resilience and adaptation features.

Local Climate Evidence

Flood Evidence

Nearest Waterway
Western Port Bay
Elevation Range
0-5 meters above sea level
Flood Zone
Coastal inundation and storm tide prone

The island's low elevation makes it susceptible to tidal influences and storm surges, particularly during extreme weather events.

View council flood map

Bushfire Evidence

Distance to Bushland
Adjacent coastal scrub and small wooded areas
Planning Overlay
Fire Danger Rating Areas
Bushfire Prone Area
Yes

While not densely vegetated, the presence of coastal scrub and grasses presents a low to moderate bushfire risk, especially under high wind conditions.

Heat Evidence

Avg January Max Temp
26.5°C
Heat Stress Days/Year
8 days

Average January maximum temperatures are moderate, but the frequency of days exceeding 35°C is increasing, leading to greater heat stress.

Coastal Evidence

Distance to Coast
0 km
Sea Level Rise Exposure
High
Erosion Risk
High

Historical Climate Events

1971
stormMajor

Significant storm surge and high tides caused coastal erosion and minor inundation along parts of Western Port Bay, impacting low-lying areas.

Source
1983
bushfireModerate

The 'Ash Wednesday' fires affected parts of Victoria, with coastal scrub areas experiencing significant burning, though direct impact on Churchill Island was limited.

Source
2009
heatwaveMajor

A severe heatwave impacted Victoria, with prolonged periods of extreme temperatures causing health concerns and increased fire risk across the state.

Source
2016
floodMinor

Heavy rainfall and king tides led to localized flooding and coastal inundation in low-lying areas around Western Port Bay.

Source

Climate Outlook to 2050

Projections based on CSIRO and BOM climate modelling. Scenario: RCP 4.5

HazardToday20302050
flood404.5(+0.5)5.0(+1.0)
bushfire303.2(+0.2)3.5(+0.5)
heat657.2(+0.7)7.7(+1.2)
coastal707.6(+0.6)8.5(+1.5)

By 2030, Churchill Island is projected to experience a noticeable increase in overall climate risk, driven primarily by rising heatwave intensity and exacerbated coastal hazards. Flood risk from storm surges will also increase.

CSIRO Climate Projections

Adaptation Recommendations

Coastal Defence and Dune Restoration

Near-term

Implement hard and soft engineering solutions for coastal protection, including seawalls and beach nourishment, alongside restoring and enhancing coastal dunes to buffer against erosion and inundation.

Est. cost: $$$$

Learn more

Heatwave Action Plan

Immediate

Develop and implement a comprehensive heatwave action plan, including public awareness campaigns, establishing cool refuges, and providing guidance on heat-safe practices for visitors and staff.

Est. cost: $$

Learn more

Ecosystem Resilience and Management

Long-term

Focus on maintaining and enhancing the resilience of the island's natural ecosystems to climate impacts, including managing invasive species and protecting native vegetation.

Est. cost: $$

Learn more

Floodplain Management and Infrastructure Adaptation

Near-term

Review and update floodplain management strategies, ensuring that any new or existing infrastructure is designed or retrofitted to withstand projected flood levels and storm surges.

Est. cost: $$$

Learn more

Water Management and Conservation

Long-term

Implement water-sensitive urban design principles and water conservation measures to manage water resources effectively, especially during periods of drought or increased demand.

Est. cost: $

Learn more

About Churchill Island's Climate Risk Profile

Churchill Island, a significant natural and cultural site in Victoria, is increasingly exposed to the impacts of climate change. Its low-lying coastal geography makes it particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surges, and coastal erosion, posing a significant threat to its infrastructure and natural environment.

The island is also experiencing a noticeable increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. This trend, driven by rising global temperatures, impacts the island's unique ecosystems and poses health risks to visitors and any potential residents or workers. While the island's natural barriers and limited development currently mitigate extreme flood and bushfire risks, these hazards are not negligible and are also subject to change with evolving climate patterns.

Future climate projections indicate an exacerbation of these risks. Sea level rise is expected to intensify coastal inundation and erosion, potentially reshaping the island's shoreline. Heatwaves are projected to become more severe and prolonged, demanding greater attention to heat management and public health. The interplay of these factors necessitates a proactive and comprehensive approach to climate adaptation and resilience planning for Churchill Island.

Understanding and addressing these climate-related challenges is vital for preserving the ecological integrity and heritage value of Churchill Island. This involves implementing robust coastal protection measures, developing strategies for heatwave preparedness, and continuously monitoring environmental changes. Collaborative efforts between local authorities, environmental agencies, and the community will be key to safeguarding the island's future.

Data sources: Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) · CSIRO · Victorian State Emergency Service (SES) · Bass Coast Shire Council · Parks Victoria

Local Government Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary climate risk for Churchill Island?

The primary climate risk for Churchill Island is coastal erosion and inundation due to sea level rise and increased storm intensity, given its low-lying island geography.

How will sea level rise affect Churchill Island by 2050?

By 2050, sea level rise is projected to significantly increase coastal erosion and the risk of inundation on Churchill Island, potentially reshaping its coastline and impacting infrastructure.

Is Churchill Island prone to bushfires?

Churchill Island has a low to moderate bushfire risk due to coastal scrub and grasses. While not as high as mainland areas, the risk increases with dry conditions and strong winds.

What measures are being taken to protect Churchill Island from climate change?

Adaptation measures include coastal defence strategies, dune restoration, heatwave action plans, and ecosystem management. Local councils and state agencies are involved in planning and implementation.

How will increasing temperatures impact Churchill Island?

Increasing temperatures will lead to more frequent and intense heatwaves, posing health risks and stressing the island's natural environment. This necessitates preparedness measures and the provision of cool refuges.

Where can I find official flood maps for Churchill Island?

Official flood information and maps relevant to Churchill Island can typically be found on the Bass Coast Shire Council's website, often within their planning scheme or emergency management sections.

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What A$69 could save you from

$7.2B
2022 insured disaster losses*
$300B+
climate risk to property by 2050*
30-120%
insurance premium increases in high-risk areas*

*Industry sources: ICA, APRA, RBA

Full report from A$69 · Australian addresses only · 8 hazard scores · Insurance trajectory · 2030 & 2050 projections